This web page gives advice about how to reference sources using the Harvard (Author-Date) System, the Numbering or Vancouver System and Footnotes.
For help on how to use the Modern Language Association (MLA) and American Psychological Association (APA) systems of referencing, follow the link Harvard (author-date) below.
For access to the Chicago Manual of Style follow the link to Harvard (author-date) below.
A version of The Harvard System of referencing and bibliography has been adopted as the standard for the presentation of text at the University of Birmingham. You may use other referencing systems that are appropriate to your School or Department. Please contact your School or Department for further advice. For more information and examples please follow the links below.
Is there any FREE Reference Software available for Undergraduate and Taught Postgraduate students to use?
We have access to RefWorks (a web-based referencing package). Login to eLibrary and then search for RefWorks and click on link. First time users, follow on screen instructions to register.
